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Common Business Expenses and Their Tax Deductibility in Singapore: A Guide for Small Business Owners

As a small business owner in Singapore, understanding your business expenses and their tax deductibility is crucial for financial health and compliance. At Counto, we’re committed to helping you navigate these complexities. Let’s dive into the world of business expenses and how they impact your tax position.

What Are Business Expenses?

Business expenses are costs incurred in the ordinary course of running your business. For an expense to be considered deductible by the Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore (IRAS), it must be:

  1. Wholly and exclusively incurred in the production of income
  2. Not capital in nature
  3. Not specifically prohibited under the Income Tax Act

Types of Business Expenses and Their Tax Deductibility

1. Operating Expenses

These are day-to-day costs necessary for running your business. Most operating expenses are tax-deductible in Singapore.

Examples:

  • Office rent
  • Utilities
  • Salaries and CPF contributions
  • Office supplies

💡 Tax Tip: Keep detailed records of all operating expenses. Even small costs can add up, and many are deductible. For instance, travel allowances for employees are generally deductible business expenses.

2. Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)

For businesses selling products, COGS represents the direct costs of producing goods.

Examples:

  • Raw materials
  • Direct labour costs
  • Manufacturing overheads

💡 Tax Tip: COGS is fully deductible, but ensure you have a robust inventory management system to accurately track these costs.

3. Capital Expenses

These are costs incurred to acquire or upgrade physical assets.

Examples:

  • Office equipment
  • Company vehicles
  • Property improvements

💡 Tax Tip: While not immediately deductible, you can claim capital allowances over time. These allowances are deductions for the wear and tear of qualifying fixed assets used in your trade or business.

4. Variable Expenses

Costs that fluctuate based on business activity.

Examples:

  • Sales commissions
  • Shipping costs
  • Credit card processing fees

💡 Tax Tip: These are generally deductible. Implement a good tracking system to ensure all variable expenses are captured.

5. Fixed Expenses

Regular costs that remain constant.

Examples:

  • Insurance premiums
  • Loan repayments (principal portion is not deductible, but interest is)
  • Annual software subscriptions

💡 Tax Tip: While fixed, not all of these may be fully deductible. For instance, only the interest portion of loan repayments is tax-deductible.

6. Recurring Expenses

Regular expenses that may vary in amount.

Examples:

  • Telephone and internet bills
  • Marketing expenses
  • Professional services fees

💡 Tax Tip: Set up a system to regularly review these expenses. You may find opportunities for cost savings or better allocation for tax purposes.

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7. Interest Expenses

Costs related to borrowed funds.

Examples:

  • Bank loan interest
  • Overdraft interest
  • Credit card interest for business purchases

💡 Tax Tip: Interest on borrowings used for business purposes is generally deductible. However, interest on late tax payments is not.

8. Incidental Expenses

Unexpected or additional costs.

Examples:

  • Business travel incidentals (e.g., laundry, tips)
  • Minor repairs
  • Client entertainment (subject to restrictions)

💡 Tax Tip: While these can be deductible, they’re often scrutinised. Keep detailed records and ensure they’re reasonable and necessary for business.

Singapore-Specific Tax Treatments

  • Medical Expenses: Deductible up to 1% of total employee remuneration for the year.
  • Staff Training: Costs for approved courses are tax-deductible.
  • Research and Development: Qualify for enhanced deductions under certain conditions.
  • Donations: Donations to approved Institutions of Public Character (IPCs) are 250% tax-deductible.

How Counto Can Help

As experts in outsourced accounting services, we go beyond traditional offerings to provide a comprehensive suite of financial solutions, including:

  • Implementation of automated accounting processes 
  • Comprehensive tax filing services and tax optimisation
  • Cost-effective corporate secretarial and payroll management solutions
  • Integrated bill payment system at no additional cost

By partnering with us, you can ensure that your business expenses are properly managed, documented, and optimised for tax purposes.

Summary

Understanding your business expenses and their tax implications is crucial for the financial success of your small business in Singapore. While this guide provides an overview, tax laws can be complex and change frequently. It’s always advisable to consult with a trusted accounting firm to ensure you’re maximising your deductions while remaining compliant.

Experience the Counto advantage

Counto is the trusted provider of accounting, tax preparation and CFO services for startups and SMEs. Get accounting plans that combine bookkeeping with corporate tax filing to help you stay compliant at an affordable price. To learn more, speak to us directly on our chatbot, email us at [email protected], or contact us using this form.

 

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